The Babylonian Conquest: 587 BC
Sometime after the Assyrians conquered Israel, the Babylonians (the "new" Babylonians, aka the Chaldeans) conquered Jerusalem and deported 50,000 Judeans to Babylon in the first diaspora. (The larger, post-Roman diaspora occured hundreds of years later.)
The enslaved Jews were put to work on the Hanging Gardens (one of the seven wonders of the ancient world).
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Images courtesy of
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/ae/Hanging_Gardens_of_Babylon.jpg